created #history posts on Hive

Подорож у світ Трипілля

ua-ethnology — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 07:26:18 GMT

Ця подія буде цікавою передусім дітям, які через творчість зможуть зануритись у світ давньої Трипільської культури та її секретів. Національний музей історії України запрошує цієї неділі, 4 жовтня, долучитися до світу Трипілля через невеличкий пізнавальний лекторій і, головне, через творчий процес у вигляді майстер-класів, під час яких діти будуть розписувати глиняний посуд справжніми трипільськими орнаментами, попутно вивчаючи їхнє значення. Свою роботу діти зможуть забрати з собою.

Дата: 4 жовтня
Місце: Національний музей історії України, м.Київ, вул. Володимирська, 2
Час: 12:00

Подія має зацікавити дітей вікової групи 8–13 років
Вартість участі: 300 грн

Джерело світлини

El misterio y la leyenda de Negro Antonio: Las sombras del camposanto

cpangiecisneros — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:37:36 GMT

Hay lugares en nuestras ciudades que guardan secretos demasiado pesados para el olvido. Entre cruces desvencijadas, mausoleos de piedra fría y el susurro constante de la brisa entre los árboles, los cementerios no son solo el destino final del cuerpo, sino el cofre donde descansa la historia viva y mística de los pueblos.

Cuando caminamos por esos pasillos de silencio, el aire cambia de densidad. Cada lápida es la puerta a un nombre, a una fecha, a una vida que latió con fuerza bajo el mismo sol que hoy nos alumbra. Y entre tantas historias anónimas, siempre surgen los mitos urbanos, esas figuras que la memoria colectiva convierte en leyenda y que forman parte del alma popular.

Entre esos pliegues de la historia local y la mística de los camposantos, resuena con fuerza una figura de arraigo y respeto: Negro Antonio. Más que un personaje envuelto en el misterio de losas y leyendas urbanas, su nombre evoca esa presencia imborrable que habita el imaginario de quienes ven en el cementerio no solo un espacio de duelo, sino un santuario de la memoria y la fe popular. Reside en el cementerio de Valencia, lugar de grandes celebres e historia.

Su misterio está en que era un hombre que aportó a la comunidad. Se desempeñó como exmilitar, sanador y consejero espiritual que realizaba baños y rituales, adquiriendo conocimientos de metafísica de manera clandestina. Durante la primera mitad de la década de 1960, las autoridades policiales de la DIGEPOL lo persiguieron implacablemente, acusándolo de diversos delitos y crímenes en zonas rurales de Carabobo, Guárico y Cojedes. La tradición oral cuenta historias fantásticas sobre sus fugas, afirmando que la policía lo rodeaba y él lograba desaparecer o esconderse tras objetos tan inverosímiles como un tronco delgado.

Murió el 25 de mayo de 1965 tras ser abatido a tiros por una comisión de la DIGEPOL en Nueva Valencia. Tras su muerte, su figura se transformó en un mito del santoral popular venezolano dentro de prácticas de culto y brujería. Sus restos descansan en un mausoleo en el Cementerio Municipal de Valencia , donde devotos acuden habitualmente a dejarle ofrendas como tabaco y a pedirle favores de protección, salud o prosperidad material.

¿Qué es lo que realmente buscamos cuando nos adentramos en estos espacios liminares?

¿Acaso intentamos descifrar el enigma de la muerte, o buscamos conectar con aquellos que cruzaron el umbral antes que nosotros?

En el cementerio, las almas que se van y las que permanecen en el tiempo tejen un diálogo silencioso con los vivos. El misterio de Negro Antonio y de tantos otros guardianes invisibles de la memoria nos recuerda que el pasado nunca muere del todo; simplemente cambia de forma, transformándose en leyenda, en rezo o en el eco perpetuo de la piedra.

La desesperación de las autoridades por capturarlo alimentó las páginas de sucesos con historias insólitas. Debido a su habilidad para escabullirse en el monte, la leyenda urbana cuenta que los reporteros de crónica roja y los propios policías de la DIGEPOL llegaron a consultar a médiums y espiritistas en un intento desesperado por localizar su paradero. Los periódicos reseñaban que el Negro Antonio usaba "brujería" para hacerse invisible ante las comisiones policiales.

El Negro Antonio, cuyo nombre real era Miguel Ángel Barrios, fue un personaje venezolano nacido en 1927 en Carabobo que pasó de ser un fugitivo rural y curandero a convertirse en una figura mítica de la veneración popular y el espiritismo en Venezuela.

Nació el 8 de mayo de 1927 en el caserío Platanal, Belén, estado Carabobo. Se desempeñó como exmilitar, sanador y consejero espiritual que realizaba baños y rituales, adquiriendo conocimientos de metafísica de manera clandestina. Durante la primera mitad de la década de 1960, las autoridades policiales de la DIGEPOL lo persiguieron implacablemente, acusándolo de diversos delitos y crímenes en zonas rurales de Carabobo, Guárico y Cojedes.

La tradición oral cuenta historias fantásticas sobre sus fugas, afirmando que la policía lo rodeaba y él lograba desaparecer o esconderse tras objetos tan inverosímiles como un tronco delgado. Murió el 25 de mayo de 1965 tras ser abatido a tiros por una comisión de la DIGEPOL en Nueva Valencia.

Tras su muerte, su figura se transformó en un mito del santoral popular venezolano dentro de prácticas de culto y brujería. Sus restos descansan en un mausoleo en el Cementerio Municipal de Valencia (Cementerio General del Sur de Valencia), donde devotos acuden habitualmente a dejarle ofrendas como tabaco y a pedirle favores de protección, salud o prosperidad material.

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😝National Manufacturing Day! / ¡Día Nacional de la Manufactura! 😎

thealliance — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:08:57 GMT

National Manufacturing Day, celebrated on the first Friday of October, pays tribute to those who manufacture products in the United States. It is a day that demonstrates how competitiveness drives the U.S. manufacturing industry and how the sector forms a fundamental part of the country's economy. National Manufacturing Day was established through an official proclamation by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie in 2012.

El Día Nacional de la Manufactura, se celebra el primer viernes de octubre, rinde homenaje a quienes fabrican productos en Estados Unidos. Es un día que demuestra cómo la competitividad impulsa la industria manufacturera estadounidense y cómo esta constituye una parte fundamental de la economía del país.
El Día Nacional de la Manufactura fue creado mediante una proclamación oficial del gobernador de Nueva Jersey, Chris Christie, en 2012.

The proclamation declared that the manufacturing industry was a dynamic part of New Jersey's economy and integral to the state's quality of life and economic development. It also proclaimed that the manufacturing sector generated more than 254,000 jobs in New Jersey and contributed over $39 billion to the state's GDP. Two years later, in 2014, President Barack Obama declared it a national observance. This proclamation was issued on October 3, 2014, and called upon the American people to commemorate the day with activities and programs highlighting the contributions of U.S. manufacturers.

Su proclamación declaró que la industria manufacturera era una parte dinámica de la economía de Nueva Jersey e integral para la calidad de vida y el desarrollo económico del estado.
También proclamó que el sector manufacturero generaba más de 254.000 empleos en Nueva Jersey y contribuía con más de 39.000 millones de dólares al PIB del estado. Dos años después, en 2014, el presidente Barack Obama lo declaró día festivo nacional. Esta proclamación tuvo lugar el 3 de octubre de 2014 e instó al pueblo estadounidense a conmemorar este día con actividades y programas que destacaran las contribuciones de los fabricantes estadounidenses.

For every dollar invested in the manufacturing industry, approximately $2.75 is reintroduced into the economy.

The manufacturing sector is the eighth-largest segment of the U.S. economy.
Manufacturers consume approximately one third of the country's energy resources.
Manufacturers account for approximately two-thirds of private-sector research and development.
The majority of manufacturers in the United States are small businesses.
Over the next ten years, more than 4.5 million manufacturing jobs will be needed.
Productivity has increased by 250% over the last 33 years.

Por cada dólar invertido en la industria manufacturera, se reintroducen aproximadamente 2,75 dólares en la economía.
-El sector manufacturero es el octavo segmento más grande de la economía estadounidense.
-Los fabricantes consumen aproximadamente un tercio de los recursos energéticos del país.
-Aproximadamente dos tercios de la investigación y el desarrollo del sector privado son realizados por los fabricantes.
-La mayoría de los fabricantes en Estados Unidos son pequeñas empresas.
-En los próximos diez años, se necesitarán más de 4,5 millones de puestos de trabajo en el sector manufacturero.
-La productividad ha aumentado un 250% en los últimos 33 años.

https://images.hive.blog/0x0/https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/thealliance/SszMQ6lq-thealliance20new20pagebreak.png

Family Time!

Well hey there, did ya miss us? We missed you! So much, in fact, that we have rescheduled our 'Family Time' to Fridays and we hope to see you there! Join our lovely band of outcasts, normies, goofballs, pimps, degenerates, professionals and all things within and without and betwixt and between starting 6 pm CST/ 7 pm EST. We always try to have a little fun and and if you're paying attention, a few smiles might just be shared. We like to smile. We like to laugh. We realize that life isn't all about the important things like #politics, #religion and #sex, no, it's about the time spent, the experiences had and memories made. Memories get passed on, experiences are shared and time - time is the currency we spend to acquire them.

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My Walk Along Gomez Rubio Avenue (Eng/Esp)

saavedraa — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 02:40:54 GMT

## English version

Today’s tour takes us to the Gomez Rubio Bridge, named in honor of Juan de Dios Gomez Rubio, which was built in 1945. This important thoroughfare provides access to the Antonio José de Sucre Barracks and also connects to the highway leading to Cumanacoa. When this bridge was built, the demolition work damaged the structure of the Convent of San Francisco; its interior wattle-and-daub walls collapsed, which is why only ruins remain today—the only part still standing is its façade.

![1000558836.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/EpT4gYH4pqMGKqHT4BfUsBskrTD2XcA4166n7EgrSH7qCjWAyPh3S7oeQ1DoxgxFU4j.jpg) ![1000552284.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/23wqkHgEb58AJCoCaHUQWNZZpTGk1iYnn9Gw6RWJ2rSaKh61BebWsHTTjF4vyVoqHRsTA.jpg) ![1000552283.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/23yTfCHBBqpfUiewFxtdZ2faThcE5kYx2p9vqRrdnyw3EVpgBErLno5sPJB5fmFRtPSHa.jpg)

An interesting fact is that in 2012, a second, identical bridge was built very close to the original to help ease traffic congestion, as the strain on the system was evident with only one lane in each direction in a city entering the second millennium.

![1000552286.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/244Uqn8K1eVDhRRSEw223f3nearD5AUnHnEv8bf7wwctMEaLxigWzPk3kviV4kdR72Z8T.jpg) ![1000552276.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/242hYfYh5BtZpRYNX585C8S2GSjJBhdWUFBkAjpsSV9jkagDdEuvrSrtE5Rb5Tw4xFPmg.jpg) ![1000552280.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/23ujmxGUzQjHznxAHaLqYRbPWZSLq1WQ3SE7jhzMggwJhc35tT64BytW8biRikyZySmco.jpg)

This bridge spans the Manzanares River; from there, you can see the calm waters and the lush trees all around. There’s even a flowering tree on the corner that really catches the eye—I’ll show you some pictures of it.

![1000552274.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/2458QtYyxhHkm1bBakerV3kxbRKmAm1xEHB4B3sBKC4Nh94VvuGhekRuxhCxxEf5L6KUK.jpg) ![1000552269.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/242hUSg8LqLG4xo47bKdfRej8b6cU2UCVPwXS9vqRJH1bMKbGW4UbWgZtwURknXeDo9zU.jpg) ![1000552266.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/23wMexc6WMAbT1bYPL8rBio5LwK9Tz2yG5UtdFevJgjjAGcXKtsUHiwGFdTJgdhxkSRY7.jpg)

From here, I could also see that Plaza Vargas had been cleared and demolished; they cut down all the trees surrounding it and leveled the ground. The place looks very different; there’s no sign that anything new is going to be built here—at least that’s the conclusion I’ve reached, since there’s no activity or construction materials visible around this public space.

![1000552257.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/23rz97g3MwgiePfoPPe1Zpt9J5WwjXGYVGvhqHLFZR2koEFog1LNFSTZHu3fxzNJ5PQq5.jpg) ![1000552254.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/23yd22ERHLfkTNqqDWK4h8K95a82k594XHLbnckZwa3XQJewRcmQ1eF9wK9nGZJ1zdYtA.jpg)

It was a sunny day with a breeze, which allowed me to walk across the bridge without any trouble. I enjoy these walks because they let me take a leisurely stroll through the city, taking the opportunity to reflect and organize my thoughts—something that only happens when I’m walking.

## Versión en Español

El recorrido de hoy nos sitúa en el Puente Gómez Rubio, en honor a Juan de Dios Gómez Rubio, mismo que fue construido en 1945. Esta importante vía concede acceso al Cuartel Antonio José de Sucre y además conecta con la carretera para ir a Cumanacoa. Cuando se edificó este puente, los trabajos de demolición afectaron la estructura del Convento de San Francisco, se desmoronó el bahareque interno, por tal razón hoy solo se aprecian ruinas, allí lo único que se conserva es su fachada.

Un dato curioso es que en el año 2012 se construyó un segundo puente gemelo, muy cerca del original, para contribuir a la circulación vehicular ya que el colapso era evidente utilizando un carril por via en una ciudad que afrontaba el segundo milenio.

![1000552286.jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/saavedraa/244Uqn8K1eVDhRRSEw223f3nearD5AUnHnEv8bf7wwctMEaLxigWzPk3kviV4kdR72Z8T.jpg)

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USA: Rogue State [eng/срп] САД: Одметничка држава

lighteye — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 21:41:45 GMT

[![Trump-OBLITERATES-United-Na..jpg](https://files.peakd.com/file/peakd-hive/lighteye/23uFTy6UemB8UTeGgtsPVvmwx1MXRSEiYyiLi3Ft9THEo4Qen9uM9DZtFLq6k9E9rFC2W.jpg)](https://rumble.com/v7fup08-trump-obliterates-united-nations-general-assembly-once-again.html)
^{Source / Извор: [The Great America Show](https://rumble.com/v7fup08-trump-obliterates-united-nations-general-assembly-once-again.html)}

The United States wrecking crew is working tirelessly to dismantle the globalist order established after World War II. Now it was the United Nations’ turn…

The dismantling of a global international organization is arguably the final step before a major war. Let us recall the League of Nations.

In the case of the United Nations, one could argue that the organization effectively ceased to exist following the tragic and highly suspicious death of Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld in 1961. During U Thant’s tenure, the influence of Western anti-civilization prevailed, leading to a true Nazi — Kurt Waldheim — taking the helm of the organization!

That moment, however, escaped the attention of the general public; only narrow circles of intelligence officers (who, as a rule, remain silent), geopolitical experts (who generally reveal such matters only in their memoirs), and investigative journalists were aware of it.

A second moment—when it became abundantly clear that the UN had effectively ceased to exist—was the violent dismantling of a founding state, the SFRY, in 1991. This fact became evident at the time to a much wider circle of international law experts. The general public, however, clung to the belief that things could still somehow be set right. Hope dies hard…

There are scholars like professor John Mearsheimer, who argue that UN never were relevant. And that is a fair point. But all the arguments around UN lost its value after the Trump’s speech at the first day of a General Debate of the 81st UNGA session, on September 23rd 2026. In that speech, he announced Urbi et Orbi – that UN ceased to exist.

Not only did he cast himself — in his specific autistic-narcissistic style — in the role of the world’s Divine Emperor and deliver a speech resembling the annual U.S. “State of the Union” address, but he also openly threatened an entire Iranian nation with annihilation from the podium — in direct violation of Article 1 of the United Nations Charter:

Chapter I: Purposes and Principles

Article 1
The Purposes of the United Nations are:

1. To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;

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The Truth About The Crusades [Remastered]

stefan.molyneux — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 20:50:12 GMT

Were the Crusades an unprovoked act of aggression on behalf of bloodthirsty Christians? Did the First Crusade mark the beginning of close to a millennium of hostility between Christianity and Islam, or did the conflict begin centuries earlier?

Stefan Molyneux takes a closer look at the historical background of the Crusades and presents shocking information that is often hidden from the general population. What is the truth about the origins of the Crusades?

Originally published December 17, 2015

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entry reflections 291

eolianpariah2 — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 19:35:42 GMT

there is something special about the reflections in the puddles that form on the street after a rain. the uneven heights that usually go totally unnoticed suddenly appear because the water collects in the dips. often the puddles form in groups interrupted by higher levels in the surface. the reflection of an object is therefore also interrupted or partial and broken up which often makes the whole more interesting than if the reflection had been complete. here is a simple example from Fredriksvern Verft, the park in town with typical old Stavern yellow wooden buildings reflecting in the puddles.

one of the reasons the reflection appears more interesting is that the parts of the object being reflected change as one moves. while this is true of any reflection, the fct that it is broken into separate parts makes the change more striking as one walks by. this particular building is one of the largest wooden buildings in Norway. it was built in the 1770s as quarters for the cadets as well as storage of the provisions for the naval base. while the puddles break up the reflections, the buildings themselves have withstood far worse forces of destruction.

Mushrooms Growing In a Scary Place

apnigrich — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 19:25:36 GMT

![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmXUm27DAc3exabbfuuzfFRjnFLnP8t8Fy673QJgE3N5mY/steem20261002.jpg)

Greetings, friends
Today is Friday, mushroom Friday. I want to show the mushrooms, but at the same time raise a serious topic.
I have repeatedly written that I traveled to Belarus. That was last week. On the last day of our adventures, we visited the village of Khatyn, or rather the place where this village once was.

[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmXBcmYkcsw9q1RQq49nfNztcuVWXuaaWBfVMTUA5a6na8/20260926_.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmXBcmYkcsw9q1RQq49nfNztcuVWXuaaWBfVMTUA5a6na8/20260926_.jpg)

What is Khatyn?
The Khatyn Memorial Complex in the Minsk region is dedicated to the memory of the victims of the war and the tragedy that occurred on March 22, 1943, when the village of Khatyn was burned down along with its inhabitants during a punitive operation. On that day, 149 people died at the hands of the punishers, 75 of them children under the age of 16.
This monument at the entrance to the memorial site symbolizes the only surviving villager, who is carrying his dead son in his arms.

[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmWew1RCS2HgktEqtUHeX8vd5pdgQ1zJ2AdmchTtivzzq9/20260926_4.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmWew1RCS2HgktEqtUHeX8vd5pdgQ1zJ2AdmchTtivzzq9/20260926_4.jpg)

There are beautiful places around: neat, clean meadows, trees, a crow croaking, and a bell sounding every 30 seconds.

[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmTtk3Crqh6Yb2WcxnMUsn8JczMhP6TjEbgXtqKbVEvd5A/20260926_3_2.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmTtk3Crqh6Yb2WcxnMUsn8JczMhP6TjEbgXtqKbVEvd5A/20260926_3_2.jpg)

But among the trees, you can see a "dead village," or rather, concrete structures resembling the remains of a destroyed village. But I want to tell you about this separately.

[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmSqFXdCmkaB8GeCuEmknbJTmR7ho6Fd36Vn8NEJLpXSmi/20260926_2_2.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmSqFXdCmkaB8GeCuEmknbJTmR7ho6Fd36Vn8NEJLpXSmi/20260926_2_2.jpg)

A concrete path to the house, the foundation of the house, and a chimney with a bell at the top. 26 such bells, 26 burned houses. My group went to the bus parking lot. I decided to walk among these houses and saw mushrooms next to a large tree stump, the heroes of today's report.

[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQma4QmGdusxB3KAsK5wBGYDpLN2jjt5Z4LT6yz9VrdL21j/20260926_1_2.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQma4QmGdusxB3KAsK5wBGYDpLN2jjt5Z4LT6yz9VrdL21j/20260926_1_2.jpg)
[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmRpPsL88vnoWtHLAnjt7JDagPvgkzdG7GqmQjb1yMrNU7/20260926_073418093_ios.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmRpPsL88vnoWtHLAnjt7JDagPvgkzdG7GqmQjb1yMrNU7/20260926_073418093_ios.jpg)

A very friendly mushroom family.
This is one of the types of autumn honey mushrooms: a characteristic feature is brown-ochre hats with a darker center; they grow in a dense group ("bouquet"). The color of autumn honey mushrooms can vary greatly and depends on the area and the type of tree.

[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmRzZpAogDg39t4hYG77NrqLtsgta3K4V3g5htjJVezhwE/20260926_073423649_ios.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmRzZpAogDg39t4hYG77NrqLtsgta3K4V3g5htjJVezhwE/20260926_073423649_ios.jpg)
[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmawx1n583BpofMRJsnZP3k4LKgvh3Y3zZ9AqiM442baGA/20260926_073453340_ios.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmawx1n583BpofMRJsnZP3k4LKgvh3Y3zZ9AqiM442baGA/20260926_073453340_ios.jpg)

In the distance, you can see the symbolic cemetery of burned and not rebuilt villages. And every 30 seconds, a bell is heard ringing.

[![](https://i.ecency.com/DQmcmZEvmPRZvz4PZVdHafDN6MDy94Rm4ujPdx9LZuwCoZZ/20260926_073444834_ios.jpg)](https://i.ecency.com/DQmcmZEvmPRZvz4PZVdHafDN6MDy94Rm4ujPdx9LZuwCoZZ/20260926_073444834_ios.jpg)

I have never seen mushrooms anywhere else in Belarus. It was the only place, although I made attempts to see them every day.

No! We don't eat that. Not a single mushroom was damaged during the shooting.

Don’t Worry, Be Happy _{(C) Bobby McFerrin}

_{Text & Photography by @apnigrich}
_{With love @apnigrich}
_{Good luck and have fun}

Hello Hive! I am Omid ("Hope") — Hopeful for the Triumph of Humanity & Brighter Days 🕊️✨

apadana — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 16:54:12 GMT

(The following line is a famous verse by Saib Tabrizi, one of the most celebrated Persian poets, 1592–1676 AD)

آن نخل ناخلف که تبر شد ز ما نبود
ما را زمانه گر شکند، ساز می‌شویم
— صائب تبریزی

Hello Hive! I am Omid — A Voice for 8,000 Years of Persian History, Art & Civil Engineering 🌿🏛️

Hello everyone,

I am deeply excited to finally join the Hive community!

You can call me Omid, which in my native language means "Hope" — hope for change, hope for a brighter tomorrow, hope for freedom, and hope for a better life for every human being.

Who Am I?

I am a Civil Engineer with a deep passion for history, ancient architecture, and cultural heritage. From an engineering perspective, I have always been fascinated by how my ancestors built architectural marvels like ancient qanats (underground water systems), windcatchers, and timeless stone monuments thousands of years ago.

Why Anonymous?

As many of you in the decentralized world understand, living under severe digital restrictions poses real safety risks. Recently, the Iranian Parliament passed a new law—approved with a majority of 183 votes—that criminalizes unauthorized international educational content creation and foreign academic/digital collaborations. Under such ambiguous and heavy regulations, any ordinary online activity can easily be re-interpreted and penalized.

To protect myself and my family, I cannot reveal my real identity, face, or location. The Hive community stands for freedom of expression, privacy, and decentralization — values that make me feel safe sharing my perspective here under a pseudonym.

Despite these harsh circumstances, the true inner state of the majority of Iranian people is best captured by the Persian poem I shared at the very beginning by Saib Tabrizi:

"That unworthy palm tree which turned into an axe was never one of us;
If fate breaks us, we do not perish—we turn into a musical instrument."

Throughout history, whenever dark times tried to break us, we transformed our pain into art, music, architecture, and eternal culture.

A Millennia-Old Civilization vs. Political Dark Ages

There is a fundamental truth I want to share with the world: A rich civilization with over 8,000 years of history, poetry, and art should never be judged by the temporary actions of its rulers.

Governments and political dark ages come and go, but the true spirit of a people, their culture, and their heritage endures forever. Throughout history, world thinkers have recognized this fundamental truth:

"With the Persian Empire we first enter the continuity of History... The Persians are the first Historical People; Persia was the first Empire that passed away."
— G. W. F. Hegel, Lectures on the Philosophy of History (Part I: The Oriental World — Section II: Persia)

"I know of no people in history — except possibly the Japanese — that has had so long a creative continuity as the Persians."
— Will Durant, Persia in the History of Civilization (Address before the Iran-America Society, 1948)

"To speak the truth and to shoot well with arrows — that is Persian virtue... The self-overcoming of morality out of truthfulness: that is what the name Zarathustra means in my mouth."
— Friedrich Nietzsche, Ecce Homo ("Why I Am a Destiny", Section 3) & Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Part I)

"The ancient Persians possessed a moral philosophy rooted in truthfulness and universal tolerance, proving that a nation’s cultural soul and humanistic virtue remain distinct from the passing politics of its rulers."
— Voltaire, Dictionnaire Philosophique (Section: "De la Perse") & Zadig (1747)

The list of thinkers who realized this truth is far longer, and its endurance far greater, than the span of these dark times—figures such as Thomas Jefferson, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herodotus, Xenophon, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Edward FitzGerald, and Arthur Schopenhauer.

Through my presence on Hive, I hope to change the perspective of those unfamiliar with Iran's true historical and cultural reality—or rather, those unfamiliar with the forgotten, unseen, and oppressed people of Iran—and to make this list of minds who see us for who we truly are even longer.

What I Will Share on Hive:

Through my upcoming posts, I want to take you on a journey through the authentic heart of Iran:

Ancient Civil Engineering & Architecture: The technical and aesthetic marvels of historical structures.
History & Philosophy: Stories of resilience, tolerance, and human spirit from antiquity to modern times.
Literature & Arts: The immortal poetry of Rumi, Hafez, and Khayyam.
Cuisine & Daily Life: The warmth, hospitality, and rich flavors of Iranian culture.

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Token Origins: The Tally Stick Was a Blockchain Made of Wood

teikn — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 12:07:18 GMT

In 1834 the British government decided to burn its old money. Not banknotes — sticks. Centuries of notched hazelwood tally sticks, the accounting records of the Exchequer, stuffed into two furnaces beneath the House of Lords. The fire got away from them. Parliament burned to the ground. Turner painted it. And almost nobody who admires that painting knows the building was destroyed by the disposal of an obsolete monetary technology.

I keep coming back to those sticks. Because if you want to understand what a blockchain actually is — underneath the jargon, underneath the hype — you could do worse than to hold a piece of notched wood in your hand.

Let me tell you what a tally stick was, and I think you'll see it too.

A tally was a length of wood, usually hazel, on which a debt was recorded by cutting notches across the grain. The width of the notch encoded the amount. A cut the size of a man's palm meant a thousand pounds. The width of a thumb, a hundred. A grain of barleycorn, a single pound. The English word "score" — as in to keep score — comes from this, from the Old Norse skor, a notch, a cut, a tally mark. To score something was to write it into wood.

Then came the clever part, the part that makes me call it a sign made programmable.

Once the debt was notched, the stick was split lengthwise, straight down through every cut. Now there were two pieces, and both carried the same notches. The larger piece was the stock — kept by the creditor, the one owed money. (Yes: this is where "stock" in the financial sense comes from. When you own stock, you are etymologically holding the long half of a split stick.) The smaller piece was the foil, kept by the debtor.

Here is the sign doing its work. The two halves only matched — grain, knots, notch-alignment — if they were the same stick. You could not forge a matching foil, because wood does not split twice the same way. To verify a debt, you brought the two pieces together and checked that they tallied. The record and its counter-record had to agree, or the claim was void.

Sit with that. A tamper-evident record. Distributed across two parties so no single holder can rewrite it. Verified not by trusting a person but by checking that two independent copies reconcile. We built that. Out of hazel. In the twelfth century.

What the notch understood that we forgot

I've written before that coins are signs, logos are signs, tokens are signs. The tally stick is the cleanest proof I know that the record of value is itself a sign — and that the hard problem was never representing the number. Any child can carve a "10." The hard problem was making the sign impossible to lie about.

Every serious money technology in history is really a war against forgery and double-spending. The tally solved it physically: the debt lived in the matched fracture of a single object, split in two. The Exchequer solved trust the same way a merchant's ledger did later — by making the two sides of a transaction check each other.

Money is double-entry by nature. My asset is your liability. The stock and the foil are the oldest double-entry bookkeeping I can point to, and they predate the Italian merchants we usually credit with inventing it by a few hundred years. The debt wasn't written down so much as written across — a single truth, held redundantly, by people with opposing interests.

Sound like anything?

A blockchain is a ledger where the same record is held by parties who don't trust each other, structured so that tampering with your copy makes it fail to reconcile with everyone else's. The cryptographic hash is the modern grain of the wood: change one notch upstream and the whole thing no longer splits clean. Nakamoto's contribution wasn't inventing the ledger — ledgers are ancient. It was solving the double-spend without a trusted third party holding both halves. The Exchequer needed a room where you brought the two sticks together. Bitcoin replaced the room with math.

The tally still needed someone — the Court of the Exchequer — to be the place of reconciliation. That's the piece cryptography dissolved. But the shape of the idea is identical: a value-sign made verifiable by structural redundancy, not by faith in the person holding it.

The part I got wrong

For a long time I thought of tally sticks as primitive receipts — a way to remember a debt when most people couldn't read. Charming, but a dead end.

That's backwards. The tally wasn't a memory aid; it circulated. The Crown would issue a tally as a promise of future tax revenue, and the holder of the stock could sell that stick to someone else at a discount for cash now. The wooden stick became a transferable claim on the state — a bearer instrument, a bond, money. People traded the notches, not the wood. The wood was just the substrate; the value lived in the sign and in the fact that two halves would one day tally.

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